Vaporizing and carbureting device.



M. B. B. BOYD B' Ll BICKABD. VAPORIZING AND GARBURETING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 28, 1911. f, Patented July 15, 1913.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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d Q A @A @WW2-- M. B. B. BOYD A. LURIOKARD. VAPORIZING AND CARBURETING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 28, 1911. 1,067,582, Patented Ju1y15,19513 7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

" M. B. B. BOYD L J. RIGKARD.

VAPORIZING AND CARBURETING DEVICE.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG.2a, m11.

LGSQ. Patented Ju1y15,1913.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

M. B. B. BOYD-EJLRIGKARD. VAPORIZING AND GARBURETING DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED .AUG..28, 1911.: 'Lygv' Patented July 15, 1913.

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M. B. B. BOYD &.J. BICKARD. VAPORIZING AND OARBURBTING DEVICE. APPLICATION .FILED AUG. 28. 1911.

1,067,582. Patented July 1.5, 1913.

7 SHEETS-.SHEET 7.

000W Iv' w UNITED I Y MAXIM BERNARD BEoKEn iaoYaJ4 AND JAMES BICKARD, oFLoNDoN,iiitejmnni).

v APonIziNiGAND cnnsimnrine navires.

To all whomz't may conscio-1.,? I 'A Be it known thatwe, MAXIM of the KingofEngland, both residing at London, '.England, have invented` .certain new `and useful --Iinprovements in Vaporiz` ing and Carbureting Devices, of which lthe following is specification.l

vT .he present .invention relates to vaporizing and carbureting 'devices suitable for use in connection 'with internal combustion engines o'r withlainps, stoves and other devices for producing light orheat.

NVe will describe several specific means for carryingr out our invention in the form of. `vaporizer for carbureter. for use with internal combustion `engines.

. employed on 'motor vehicles, inotoi' boats lio and aeroplanes Vgenerally have one"Y or `more jets.whi oh deliver fuel in bulk' with the disadvantage that the cylinders .are frequently' flooded, and vthe lubrication ofthe pistons in lthe' cylinder is seriously interfered with.

i' Moreover, the employment of jetsV for'fecd-v .ing the fuel in bulk vincreases the liability -of stoppage due to dirt or impurities admitted with the fuel whereby the Carbureter is `not infrequently chokedor put out of use.

'One obj-ect of the-present invention is to dispense lwith the jets and instead of feed-v ing thefuel in bulk to feed it in amore attenuated form 4thereby not only' increasing the .eiciency ofthe vaporiz'er or-carbureter but also economizing the fuel consumption Another object of our invention is to ac-f 4complish the mixing of the fuel vapor and air in' a chamber into which the fuel ycannot 'overflow and-to deliver the air as direct asi Y possible intov the fuel" chamber, that is to Say', with a minimum `amount of changingr in' its direction from the inlet.

- According to this invention there isLpro-` vided a vaporizer or carbureter comprising.

an air chamber, a fuel chamber, and a'mix- .ingv chamber formed by tube plates and 'tubes arranged within a common casing. v The invention further comprises a fuel container arranged between an air chamber and-a ini-Xing chamber, `and air ducts passing through the fuel to establish communie BERNARD' BECKER Born and'JAMns RICKARD, sub3ects.

, vaporizer .or carbureter.

cation between the interior .of the fuel container, the -miXi-ng chamber and the air chamber. `Preferably the main air supply is'admitted-though an automatic valve.

'Y vlSpeelif'leat'ien o f Letters Patent. Patentedtluly 1913. @paganos niga'august 2s, i911. seriaino.,eis,a7z.

lturther features of this invention con.

sist in eo-nstructional details which will be.

hereinafter more fully referredv t0 in conview of the vaporizeriorcarbureter shown in Figl with a cover removed and showing the float chamber in section. Fig. 3

a vertical section of a modification adapted for -vaporizi-ng heavy oils.- Fig. 4 is a crosssection on the .line 303.015 Fig. 3 with the "float vchambergbroken away. Fig. 5 is a It isfwell known wthat the carbureters noW vertical .section A'of a modified form of Fig. 6 -is aplan lview partly in vsection of the .removable .f

body portion.; Fig. illustrates'a4 detail, v*and Figs. Sfand 8a illustrate a modification `in 'which a'primary .oil heater is employed in combination with avapori'z'er or carbureter.

Referringlnow to Figs. 1 and 2, theA cas'-' ing ofthe vapori'zer orV carbureter is indicated at .1 and in the form shown is cylindrical.' This casing is provided with caps 2 and either bolted to the casing or' screwed' thereto in any convenient manner. The cap- 21s provided with anextension 4 in. which-.a throttle 5.is located in the usual manner. A float chamber 6'may be inte` 'gral-With, 'o r securedlto, the casing l and and incidentally preventing flooding of the cylinders and choking of the carburete'rs.

provided-'with a cap 7.- VVithin the cylindrical portion' of the casing l are arranged tubefivil'ates- 8 and 9 between which are assembled a number of. tubes 10. The

called the mixing chamber while the Acap 3 and tlietfube plate 9 inclose a. chamber 12. Y The tubes lOestablish direct communication betweentl'ie chambers 12 and 11 and these tubes are perforated, for'iiist'ance at 13. The space'lll surrounding thel tubes l() and inclosed between .the platesgS and -9 and the inner ofthe casing l constitutes a 'liquid fuel chamber f lcommunicating by inea-ns of a pipe or'duct 15 with-the interiorof the float' chamber.. The upper extremity of the Afuel chamber 'communicates bvmeans ofthe holes 13 with theinteroijof the tubes 'cap 2 incloses .a` chamber l1 hereinafter 4 10. At apoint below the perforations 13 oneor more sheets of gauzel@ arearranged about the pipes y10 for the purpose hereinafter referred to. 1

The float chamber` 6 contains a float 17 adjustably mounted upon the spindle 18 which cooperates with a seating upon the cover 7 to lform a valve. It should be noted that the supply of fuel to the float chamber takes place in the downward direction. p It is desirable, however, that the'spindle 18 should be pressed up close against its seating so as to quite cut oif the supply of fuel when the chamber is full andfor'this purpose we provide a so-called lifter 19. This lifter is shown in dottedlines in Fig. 2 and comprises` side members 20 and 21 connected by means of a bar.` 22 perforated so' that the spindle 18 may pass through. A bar 23 is also mounted in the side members 20 and 21 which are shaped somewhat in the manner shown in Fig. 1. The points 24 of the side members act as pivotsand when the float rises the weight ofthe bar 23 causes that end of the lifter to fall and the other extremity of the lifter 25 to assist the upward movement of the float and press the coned surface on the spindle into contact with the seating in the cover 7. The lifter is quite free to turn around into any position. As the chamber becomes depleted of fuel, the weight of the iioat 17 presses on the extremit-ies 25 of the lifter 19 and causes it to assume with a perforated base 27 into which a rod 28 is screw-threaded. On the inside of the base 27 is another plate 29 which is also perforated, but the perforations inthe two plates are not in alinement. The .rod 28 is vprovided with a collar or iiange 30 and beinto the chamber 12. This airthen passes upwardlythrough the tubes 10 into the chamber ll-and when passing the holes 13 fuel vapor is drawn into the chamber 11 from whence the flow of mixture to the engine is controlled in the usual manner by the throttle The arrangement is such that there-will be a certain reduction of pressure within the vaporizer before the plate 29 lifts to admit air and this initial reduction of pressure assists the volatilization-,of the fuel.

The object of providing the gauze plate 16 is two-fold. On the one hand it serves to prevent fuel from washingvout through the holes 13 into the tubes 10 owing to excessive memes vibration or tilting, andon the other hand this gauze servestopprevent the ignition of the fuel' in cases of back-fire.

1t should be noted that the assemblage ofA made hollow and provided with an inlet 34 and an outlet for hot water or burnt gases.

In the modification shown in'Figs. 3 and 4, the casing 1 is slotted at 36 and an additional tube plate 37 is employed. Between the tube plates 8 yand 37 another set of tubes 38 is arranged. The three tube plates 8 9 and 37 togetherwith'their associated-v tubes 10 and 38 ,forming a removable element which is normally held in place 'as above described by the flange33 vand the cap 3. The upper portion of the casing which accommodates a tube v39 is provided`4 with a valve arrangement 40 substantially.

similar to that shown in Fig. 1. IThis tube passes across a diameter of the casing and I.

is secured thereto in any convenient manner, as for instance by means of screwthreads and the plate 41. Within' the tube 39 is a sleeve 42, both the sleeve and the tube are perforated, for instance as shownat 43. Apin carried by the sleeve 42 passes through the plate 41' and has secured there'-, i

to a handle 45 by means of which the sleeve 42 may be displaced angularly relatively to the tube 39 so as'to regulate the' amount of air vadmitted from the interior of the tube 39 into the chamber 11. If necessary a mixing plate 46 is provided wit-hin the chamber 11 and above the tube 39. The arrangement described is designed especially for vaporizing heavy oils such as paraiiin and operates`1n the following manner z--The hot gases from the engine enter the cap 3at 47 and` pass upwardly through the tubes 10 into the space formed between the plates 8 and 37 from whence it passes out of the casing through the opening 36. The tubes 10 are made large so as to secure a largey amount of heating surface and the fuel which Isurrounds these tubes is thereby loo readily volatilized spirit and for this pur-` i pose the iioatA chamber is provided with a two-way cock l48 as will bereadily underiso stood.u As soon ais/the engine isK started up with spirit the handle 4 9 is turned sc aS t0v apply of spirit and connect arranged between the plates 8 and 9 con- A number of vgauze .partitions centrically. 161 are arranged between the tubes for the purpose hereinbefore described. It will be seen on reference to Fig. 6, however, that the tube plates 8 and 9 are only provided. with curved slots 50whe`reby the air from the'chamber 12 can pass upwardly into the being arranged outsidethe coverand a disk 51 substituted for thebase 27 anddisk 29.

consists in the provision of a gage glass 527 A further improvement shown in Fig. 5

in communication` with the fioat chamber 6 for the purpose of ascertaining without d ifficulty the level of fuel within the vaporizer.

Inorder to establish' communication between the fuel compartments comprised between the respective concentric tubes, one or more pipes 151 may be arranged in the manner shown.

1t is sometimes desirable to provide asupply of hot air for the carbureter instead of cold air and such an arrangement is shown in Fig. In this ligure instead of the cap 3 a modified cap 31 is employed. This cap is preferably screw-threaded and carries an .extension 5.3 which communicates at its lower extremity with a pipe or other suitable arrangement drawing hot air from around the exhaust pipe. The admission of hot air is controlled in the following manner: Within the extension 53 a cup-shaped lated at will. Y

Fig. 8 shows a primary oil .heater asso-v ciated with a modified construction of vaporlzer. The means for regulating the air inlet are located in the cap 2. The cap is provided with a four-armed spider (i0 carryinga perforated boss 61 through which the shaft 62 passes." Mounted upon the 'shaft are perforated sleeves 63 and 64 having covers 65 and 66. The lateral extensions of the cap 2'are also -perforated and by means of the handle 67 the amount of air In this case also the' main air valve is modied, the spring 31 admitted to the upper extremity o f-the carbureter may be regulated. The-lower cap 311 is secured to the upper cap 2l bymeans i of a bolt 68 and the two caps when assembled retain the casing land the interior removable.l body port-ion in place. The arrangement of tube plates .and tubes is slightly modified to accommodate the bolt 6.8. ,l The-exhaust 'gases enter at 69 and pass upwardly through 'the tubes 10 and `also through the openings 70'int'o the-space between the tube plates 8 and 3'7 from whence they pass through the pipe 71 into a boX or barrel 72 and thence to the' silencer or atmosphere. ,`Within the barrel 72 is located a coil 73 communicating by means of .a pipe 74 either with an auxiliary tank containing water or with .the water cooling system. Inv the latter case a regulating cock is located inthe pipe 74. Secured to thebarrel 7 2 is a primary .oil heater represented as a-whole at. '75.' The general construct-ion' of this heater is similar to theconstruction of the vaporizer with -which it is associated. The primary oil heater is provided with a float feed device 76 and is connected by means of pipe 77 with the vaporizer. The fuel to be vaporied passeswout of the float 'chamber into thev primary oilheater vand thence through the pipe 77 into the vaporizer, but

while it is in the primaryheater 7 5 it-stemperature is 4raised inthe following 'manner -The coil 73 communicates With the in,- terior of the o i'l heaterand as the water inthis coil is heated by the exhaust gases it rises into the. heater and vintothe tubes 101.-

The fuel therefore is given a preliminary heatingY before being admitted to the vaporizer.4 A certain amount of water in the coil 73 is converted into steam and this'accumulates in the dome -78 of the heater. This dome 'communicates by means ofpipe 79 with the pipe 77 and also bymeans ofpipe 80 with the interior of the.vapori zer at a point above the- .level of the. fuel. These connections are indicated partly in do-tted lines in Fig.v 8. Each ofthe pipes 77, 79. and 8O is provided .with a vregulating cock` of any suitable type .indicated .diagrammatically at 81,82 and 83 respectively. The

- vaporizer and inpassing through the tubes 38 which are. surrounded by the 'hot gases', the vapor becomes superheated.

It will be understood that the. amount of steam admitted 'to the `vap-orifzer is very small but it may be regulated at4 will.

cock 81 serves forregulating. the amount of Although we have described several specie ways of putting .into practice our invention We do not 'Wish to be limited t0 these specific constructions described inasmuch as our invention-may be carried out in other Ways. Neither do we wish to limit ourselves to the use of the vaporizers or carbureters for internal combustion` engines, since We may equally well employl any of the con- 0 structions for producing'hydro-carbon gases for heating or lighting purposes, for instance with lamps oi' stoves by connecting the latter to the vaporizer or carbureter by a tube of suitable length.

l/Vhat we claim as our. invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a ,vaporizer or a carbureter, the f `combination with a casing, of an element inclosed, by and adapted to be readily removed bodily and as a whole from the casing, said element comprising tube plates and tubes carried thereby, and forming with the casing 'an air chamber, a fuel chamber anda mixing chamber, and means for heat ing the fuel chamber.

Q .,In a vaporizer' or a carbureter, theV combination with a casing, of an element adapted to be readily removed bodily. andas a whole from the casing and to forni therewith air and mixing chambers, said element comprising tube plates and tubes carried i thereby, the tubes being in two series, with the space between the tubes of one series forming a fuel chamber. and the other series of tubes arranged'to conduct vaporized fuel to the mixing chamber, and a valve to controlthe admission of air.

8. In a vaporizer or a carbureter, the combination with a casing, of an velement 40 adapted to be readily removed bodily and as a whole from the casing and to form therewith air and mixing chambers, said element comprising tube plates and tubes carried thereby, the tubes being in two series, with the space' between the tubes of one series forming a fuel chamber and the other series of tubes arranged to conduct vaporized fuel to themixing chamber, and means for heating the fuel in the fuel chamber.

4. In a ,vaporizer or a carbureter, the

combination with a casing, of an element adapted to be readily removed bodily and Vas a whole from the'casing and to form therewith air and mixing chambers, said element comprising tube plates and tubes carried thereby, the tubes being in two series, with the space between the tubes of one series forming a fuel chamber and the other series of tubes arranged to conduct vaporized fuel to the. mixing chamber, means for heating the fuel in the fuel chamber, and a valve to control the admission of air.

5. In a vaporizer or a carbureter, the combination with a casing, of an element adapted to be readily removedbodily and as a -whole from the fcasing and to form therewith air and mixing chambers, said element .comprising `tube plates and tubes carried thereby, the tubes being in two series, with the space between the tubes of one series forming a fuel chamber, the tubes of said series serving as a conduit for exhaust gases, and the-other series ofy tubes arranged to conduct vaporized fuel to the mixing chamber.

- 6.- In a vaporizer or a carbureter the combination with a casing of an element inclosed thereby and adapted to be readily removed bodilyand 'as ya Whole therefrom, said element comprising tube-plates and tubes carried thereby, and forming with the casing an air chamber, a fuel chamber and a mixing chamber, and an automatic valve for controlling the admission of air. l

7..v In a vaporizer or a carbureter the com-l bination with a casing Aof an element ined to establish a'p'artial vacuum to assistthe vaporization before the `vmain air-supply is admitted. y

8. In a vaporizer or a carbureter'the combination with a easing of an element'inclosed thereby and ,adapted to be readily removed bodily and as a whole therefrom, said element comprising tube-plates and tubes carried thereby, and forming'with the casing an air chamber, a fuel chamber and a mixing chamber, an automatic valve for controlling the admission. of air and means for heating said air. y f

9. In a vaporizer or a carbureter the combination withV a casing of an'V element inclosed vthereby and adapted-to be readily removed bodily and as aA Whole therefrom, said element comprising tube-platesv and tubes` carried thereby, and forming with the casing an air chamber, a fuel chamber' and a mixing chamber, and means for supplying heated oil to said fuel chamber.

10. In a vaporizer or. a carbureter the combination with a casing of an element inclosed thereby and adapted to be readily removed bodily and as a whole therefrom, said element comprising tube-plates and Vtubes carried thereby, and forming with the casing an air chamber, a fuel chamber and a mixing chamber, and means for supplying heated oiland steam to said fuel chamber.

ll. In a vaporizer "or a carbureter the combination with a casing of lan element inclosed thereby and adapted to be readily removed bodily and as a whole therefrom, said element Vcomprising tube-plates and tubes carried thereby, and forming with Athe casing an air chamber, a fuel chamber and a names to this specification in the presence mixing chamber, and acol supplied' with of two subscribing Witnesses. fuel and water, means for heating said coil MAXIM BERNARD BECKER BOYD. by exhaust gases, \and means for supplying Y J AMES RICKARD. 5 heated fuel' and steam from said eoil to the Witnesses:

fuel chamber. i S. T. RODGER,

In testimony whereof We have signed our PERCY HEWITT. 

